Dyslexia

The severity of dyslexia can differ in each child. Some children may have difficulty in reading and writing, some may not be able to learn new words and meanings, and others may have trouble with grammar or a new language Due to this difficulty in processing language, the child may be slow in academics. Dyslexia may coexist with other types of learning disabilities, ADHD, or autism.

Preschool: The child may have difficulty in:

• Recognizing letters and words

• Connecting letters with sounds (phonetics)

• Learning new words

• Learning the alphabet, numbers, rhymes and rhyming words

Primary and middle school: The child may have difficulty in:

• Remembering facts and numbers

• Writing neatly, holding a pencil

• Memorizing verses or poems

• Distinguishing between letters (b, d; m, w)

• Spelling words accurately

• Finding the right words to speak

• Following instructions or directions

• Working on word problems in Maths

• Learning a new language

Teenagers and adolescents may have difficulty in

• Reading with ease or reading aloud

• Understanding jokes, rhymes, puzzles, or proverbs

• Memorizing verses and poems

• Summarizing or paraphrasing a story

• Organizing and managing time

• Working on math problems

Hence, the experts take into account some of these factors for diagnosis:

• Family and medical history

• Reading and writing skills

• Vision and hearing

• Progress in academics

Some of the interventions include:

• Alternative teaching techniques: Teachers and special education experts use alternative learning methods. For example, listening to lessons on audio tapes, touching and feeling shapes of letters while reading and using pictures and photos to recognize words helps in building vocabulary.

• Tutoring: A reading specialist uses phonetics and other alternative methods to help children with dyslexia improve their reading skills.

• Individualized Education Plan (IEP): A structured learning plan with well-defined goals helps the child in learning.

• Academics: Since children with dyslexia have difficulty in reading and writing, they may find it difficult to cope with studies. This may lead to long-term educational problems.

• Time management: Children may find it difficult to manage time for their daily activities, including school work, tests and exams.

• Social skills: Children with dyslexia may have low self-esteem, anxiety, emotional problems, and may have trouble making friends or getting along with other children.

Here are some ways in which you can help your child:

• When you notice any of the above symptoms, consult your child's pediatrician and seek advice.

• Encourage your child to follow the prescribed intervention program.

• Read stories aloud to your child. Encourage your child to listen to audio books.

• When your child is old enough, read stories together. Encourage him or her to read books and newspapers. Children learn many things from parents. You can develop the habit of reading and set an example for your child.

• Encourage and support your child to pursue activities or hobbies that he or she is interested in.

• Speak to the teacher and explain the problem. Work with the teacher, therapist and special education expert to identify alternate methods of teaching or to prepare an individual education plan.

• Join a support group where you can seek help and support from other parents who are dealing with the same situation.

A child is most secure in a loving and affectionate environment. Expressing your love and support, appreciating your child for their efforts, and encouraging them to focus on strengths rather than their weaknesses can help them overcome their difficulties.